Biofuels and Bioenergy

Thermochemical Conversion

Thermochemical conversion is a process that utilizes heat and chemical reactions to convert biomass into biofuels, chemicals, and energy. Unlike biochemical conversion, which relies on microorganisms and enzymes, thermochemical methods break down biomass at high temperatures into valuable energy products, making it a fast and efficient approach for biofuel production.Thermochemical conversion is particularly advantageous for lignocellulosic biomass, agricultural residues, forestry waste, and municipal solid waste, as it can process complex and heterogeneous feedstocks with minimal preprocessing. The main thermochemical pathways include combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), each offering distinct bioenergy outputs. Thermochemical conversion is a promising pathway for large-scale biofuel production, particularly for aviation, marine, and heavy transport sectors that require high-energy-density fuels. Emerging technologies such as plasma gasification, supercritical water gasification, and AI-driven process optimization are further enhancing efficiency and commercial viability.With continuous advancements in reactor technologies, feedstock supply chains, and policy incentives,